Additive manufacturing (AM) is the use of digital models to build solid parts in layers. Here we discuss some techniques for AM.

3D Printing 

3D printing is the ultimate rapid prototyping manufacturing process. It involves manufacturing parts and structures layer by layer based on a digital model until the entire three-dimensional component is complete. This method is suitable for creating almost any structure that can be conceived and is the preferred technology for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of complex details and designs. Sometimes, manufacturers just use it to create prototypes to check the efficiency of the digital 3D model and whether the intended design is suitable for the function of the part.

Binder Jetting

Binder Jetting is another additive manufacturing process that builds parts layer by layer until the entire manufacturing process is complete. The technology works by selectively depositing a liquid binder onto a powdered material to form solid layers. It is suitable for creating complex structures and is compatible with a range of materials, including metals, ceramics and composites. However, the material must be in granular form as a roller is used during the manufacturing process to evenly distribute the binder throughout the model before it is added. This process is then continued until the desired three-dimensional structure is achieved. Secondary operations and finishing processes such as curing and sintering can then be carried out.

Metal Extrusion

In this additive manufacturing process, material (in this case metal wire or powder) is fed through the nozzle of a glue gun and melted. As the metal pieces melt, they are placed in layers on the build platform to solidify. This process is repeated until the object is complete. It is worth noting that this fabrication technology is not limited to metals. It is compatible with a wide range of engineering thermoplastics. However, while it can produce parts with good mechanical properties, it is the most expensive rapid prototyping manufacturing method.

Sheet Lamination

Like all additive manufacturing processes, sheet laminating builds parts layer by layer. There are two forms of this technology: Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM). Both processes join thin sheets of material together to create the desired part. However, UAM uses ultrasonic welding to join the materials together, while LOM uses adhesive-coated paper sheets as the substrate. The resulting products are often visually appealing and are therefore used for aesthetic styling and decorative purposes. It is worth noting that this process is not limited to paper and non-metals; sheet lamination can also be used to produce metal parts.

Benefits and Shortcomings of Additive Manufacturing Methods

Benefits

  • Produces almost no waste
  • AM is a fast and efficient manufacturing process, making it a good choice for rapid prototyping.
  • It is ideal for creating complex structures, regardless of design complexity and intricate detailing, including tight tolerance specifications.
  • Suitable for customisation and the creation of rare parts and structures.

Shortcomings

  • Expensive, especially for metal parts
  • Limited material compatibility compared to subtractive manufacturing.
  • Best suited to low volume production

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